Publications

Journal articles

  • Mehrabani, B.B., Henrion, V., Hörl, S., Ivanov, N., Mirkovic, B., Blasco, J., Bossaert, E. (2026). Modelling future of airport accessibility: synthetic population and discrete choice model approach to UAM and CCAM demand at Brussels airport. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 23, 101654. doi

  • Diepolder, S., Araldo, A., Chouaki, T., Maiti, S., Hörl, S., Antoniou, C. (2025). Quantifying the improvement of accessibility achieved via shared mobility on demand. Transportation. doi

  • Natterer, E.S., Rao, S.R., Tejada Lapuerta, A., Engelhardt, R., Hörl, S., Bogenberger, K. (2025). Machine learning surrogates for agent-based models in transportation policy analysis. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 180, 105360. doi

  • Hörl, S., Briand, Y., Puchinger, J. (2025). Decarbonization policies for last-mile parcels: A replicable open-data case study for Lyon. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 146, 104893. doi

  • Carreyre, F., Chouaki, T., Coulombel, N., Berrada, J., Bouillaut, L., Hörl, S. (2025). Beyond Traditional Public Transport: A Cost–Benefit Analysis of First and Last-Mile AV Solutions in Periurban Environment. Sustainability, 17 (14), 6282. doi

  • Carreyre, F., Chouaki, T., Coulombel, N., Berrada, J., Bouillaut, L., Hörl, S. (2024). On-Demand Autonomous Vehicles in Berlin: A Cost–Benefit Analysis. Transportation Research Record, 2678 (5), 13-30. doi

  • Matet, B., Côme, E., Furno, A., Hörl, S., Oukhellou, L., El Faouzi, N. (2024). Improving the generation of synthetic travel demand using origin–destination matrices from mobile phone data. Transportation. doi

  • Balac, M., Hörl, S., Schmid, B. (2024). Discrete choice modeling with anonymized data. Transportation, 51 (2), 351-370. doi

  • Hörl, S., Axhausen, K.W. (2023). Relaxation–discretization algorithm for spatially constrained secondary location assignment. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 19 (2), 1982068. doi

  • Gall, T., Hörl, S., Vallet, F., Yannou, B. (2023). Integrating future trends and uncertainties in urban mobility design via data-driven personas and scenarios. European Transport Research Review, 15 (1), 45. doi

  • Räth, Y.M., Balac, M., Hörl, S., Axhausen, K.W. (2023). Assessing service characteristics of an automated transit on-demand service. Journal of Urban Mobility, 3, 100038. doi

  • Belfadel, A., Hörl, S., Tapia, R.J., Politaki, D., Kureshi, I., Tavasszy, L., Puchinger, J. (2023). A conceptual digital twin framework for city logistics. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 103, 101989. doi

  • Zwick, F., Kuehnel, N., Hörl, S. (2022). Shifts in perspective: Operational aspects in (non-)autonomous ride-pooling simulations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 165, 300-320. doi

  • Mahmoud, A., Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Puchinger, J. (2022). Adapting JSprit for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Recharging: Implementation and Benchmark. International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 12 (3). doi

  • Ruch, C., Hörl, S., Gächter, J., Hakenberg, J. (2021). The Impact of Fleet Coordination on Taxi Operations. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2021 (1), 2145716. doi

  • Hörl, S., Balac, M. (2021). Synthetic population and travel demand for Paris and Île-de-France based on open and publicly available data. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 130, 103291. doi

  • Ruch, C., Ehrler, R., Hörl, S., Balac, M., Frazzoli, E. (2021). Simulation-Based Assessment of Parking Constraints for Automated Mobility on Demand: A Case Study of Zurich. Vehicles, 3 (2), 272-286. doi

  • Hörl, S., Becker, F., Axhausen, K.W. (2021). Simulation of price, customer behaviour and system impact for a cost-covering automated taxi system in Zurich. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 123, 102974. doi

  • Sallard, A., Balać, M., Hörl, S. (2021). An open data-driven approach for travel demand synthesis: an application to São Paulo. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 8 (1), 371-386. doi

  • Sieber, L., Ruch, C., Hörl, S., Axhausen, K.W., Frazzoli, E. (2020). Improved public transportation in rural areas with self-driving cars: A study on the operation of Swiss train lines. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 134, 35-51. doi

  • Balac, M., Hörl, S., Axhausen, K.W. (2020). Fleet Sizing for Pooled (Automated) Vehicle Fleets. Transportation Research Record, 2674 (9), 168-176. doi

  • Manser, P., Becker, H., Hörl, S., Axhausen, K.W. (2020). Designing a large-scale public transport network using agent-based microsimulation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 137, 1-15. doi

  • Hörl, S., Ruch, C., Becker, F., Frazzoli, E., Axhausen, K.W. (2019). Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: A simulation assessment for Zurich. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 102, 20-31. doi

International conferences with peer review

2026

  • Hörl, S., Burianne, A., Natterer, E., Engelhardt, R., Müller, J. (2026). Towards a replicable synthetic population and agent-based transport model for Bavaria. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 16031. 23rd International Conference on Practical applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (PAAMS 2025). doi

  • Balac, M., Hörl, S., Chouaki, T. (2026). Mode choice in agent-based models: Efficiency and Stability. 105rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2026), January 2026, Washington D.C., USA. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S. (2026). Joint assessment of the impact of future railway services and design of feeder systems: towards an integrated approach. 10th International Symposium on the Use of Public Transit Automated Data for Planning, Operations, and Management (TransitData 2026), June 2026, Toronto, Canada. hal

2025

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Ludwig, O., Axer, S., Rewald, H. (2025). Simulating on-demand person and food transport with intra-day vehicle reconfiguration in Paris. 13th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2025), June 2025, Munich, Germany. hal

  • Servatius, P., Hörl, S., Bogenberger, K. (2025). MobilityCoins - Towards an Agent-Based Approach to Simulating Tradable Mobility Credits. International Transportation Economics Association (ITEA) 2025 Annual School and Conference, June 2025, Evanston, USA. hal

  • Natterer, E., Engelhardt, R., Hörl, S., Bogenberger, K. (2025). Machine Learning Surrogates for Optimizing Transportation Policies with Agent-Based Models. 12th Triennial Symposium on Transportation Analysis conference (TRISTAN XII), June 2025, Okinawa, Japan. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Asgari, F. (2025). Integration of parking constraints in agent-based mobility simulations and discrete choice models: a case-study of Paris. European Transport Conference (ETC 2025), September 2025, Antwerp, Belgium. hal

  • Hörl, S., Benki, A. (2025). Data-driven analysis of urban logistics policies based on vehicle traces in the Copenhagen capital region. 13th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2025), June 2025, Munich, Germany. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S. (2025). Analysis and mitigation of discriminatory behaviour in fleet management algorithms. 12th Triennial Symposium on Transportation Analysis conference (TRISTAN XII), June 2025, Okinawa, Japan. hal

  • Seregina, T., Chouaki, T., Coulombel, N., Hörl, S. (2025). AI-Enhanced Agent-Based Simulation for Urban Mobility Policy Evaluation: Driving Restriction Zones in the Paris Region. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Innovative Applications (AIIA 2025), December 2025, Boumerdes, Algeria. doi

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S. (2025). A method for efficiently assessing the impact of local mobility services in large-scale agent-based simulations. 104th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2025), January 2025, Washington D.C., USA. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Briand, Y. (2025). A decision-support tool for inclusive cooperative connected automated mobility solutions: From simulation research to operational implications. International Conference on Advanced Systems in Public Transport 2025 (CASPT 2025), July 2025, Kyoto, Japan. hal

  • Zehounkpe, J., Hörl, S., Oukhellou, L. (2025). A benchmarking methodology to assess population synthesis algorithms: A case study for Ile-de-France. International Symposium on Transportation Data & Modelling (ISTDM 2025), September 2025, Montreal, Canada. hal

2024

  • Declercq, S., Hörl, S., Chouaki, T. (2024). Towards simulation-based assessment of CCAM Airport Access Services. Transportation Research Procedia, 86, 483-490. 26th Euro Working Group on Transportation Meeting (EWGT 2024). doi

  • Chouaki, T., Declercq, S., Hörl, S. (2024). Towards an integrated approach for the automatic design of feeder bus lines using agent-based simulation and combinatorial optimization. 12th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2024), June 2024, Espoo, Finland. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Carreyre, F., Coulombel, N., Berrada, J., Bouillaut, L., Hörl, S. (2024). On-demand Autonomous Vehicles in a periurban territory: a Cost Benefit Analysis. 103rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2024), January 2024, Washington D.C., USA. hal

  • Hörl, S., Chouaki, T., Ludwig, O., Rewald, H., Axer, S. (2024). Evaluating prebooked on-demand mobility services using MATSim. Procedia Computer Science, 238, 763-770. 15th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies Networks (ANT 2024). doi

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S. (2024). Comparative assessment of fairness in on-demand fleet management algorithms. 12th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2024), June 2024, Espoo, Finland. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Reyes-Madrigal, M., Hörl, S. (2024). Assessing the impact of monetary incentives for walking using agent-based mobility simulations and discrete mode choice models. 103rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2024), January 2024, Washington D.C., USA. hal

2023

  • Matet, B., Côme, E., Furno, A., Hörl, S., Oukhellou, L. (2023). Use of Origin-Destination data for calibration and spatialization of synthetic travel demand. 11th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2023), September 2023, Zürich, Switzerland. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Puchinger, J. (2023). Towards reproducible simulations of the Grand Paris Express and on-demand feeder services. 102nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2023), January 2023, Washington D.C., USA. hal

  • Hörl, S. (2023). Towards replicable mode choice models for transport simulations in France. 9th International Symposium on Transportation Data & Modelling (ISTDM 2023), June 2023, Ispra, Italy. link

  • Hörl, S., Sobieraj, J., Axer, S., Rewald, H. (2023). Resource-constrained replanning in MATSim applied to the simulation of peer-to-peer car sharing services. Procedia Computer Science, 220, 698-703. 12th International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS 2023). doi

  • Carreyre, F., Chouaki, T., Coulombel, N., Berrada, J., Bouillaut, L., Hörl, S. (2023). On-demand Autonomous Vehicles in Berlin: a Cost Benefit Analysis. 102nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2023), January 2023, Washington D.C., USA. hal

  • Diepolder, S., Araldo, A., Chouaki, T., Maiti, S., Hörl, S., Antoniou, C. (2023). On the Computation of accessibility provided by shared mobility. 11th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2023), September 2023, Zürich, Switzerland. hal

  • Hörl, S., Puchinger, J. (2023). Modeling the ecological and economic footprint of last-mile parcel deliveries using open data: A case study for Lyon. 11th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2023), September 2023, Zürich, Switzerland. hal

  • Hörl, S., Puchinger, J. (2023). From synthetic population to parcel demand: A modeling pipeline and case study for last-mile deliveries in Lyon. Transportation Research Procedia, 72, 1707-1714. Transport Research Arena (TRA 2022). doi

  • Mastio, M., Hörl, S., Balac, M., Loubière, V. (2023). Emission-reducing deployment of shared office networks. Procedia Computer Science, 220, 315-322. 14th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies Networks (ANT 2023). doi

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Puchinger, J. (2023). Control-based integration of rejection rates into endogenous demand ride-pooling simulations. 8th International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS 2023), June 2023, Nice, France. doi

2022

  • Hörl, S., Zwick, F. (2022). Traffic Uncertainty in On-Demand High-Capacity Ride-Pooling. 101th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2022), January 2022, Washington D.C., USA. hal

  • Balac, M., Hörl, S. (2022). Reconstructing activity locations from zone-based trip data for discrete choice modeling. 101th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2022), January 2022, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Vallet, F., Hörl, S., Gall, T. (2022). Matching Synthetic Populations with Personas: A Test Application for Urban Mobility. Proceedings of the Design Society, 2, 1795-1804. International Design Conference (DESIGN 2022). doi

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Puchinger, J. (2022). Implementing reinforcement learning for on-demand vehicle rebalancing in MATSim. Procedia Computer Science, 201, 134-141. The 13th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT 2022). doi

  • Mahmoud, A., Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Puchinger, J. (2022). Extending JSprit to solve electric vehicle routing problems with recharging. Procedia Computer Science, 201, 289-295. 13th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT 2022). doi

2021

  • Belfadel, A., Hörl, S., Tapia, R.J., Puchinger, J. (2021). Towards a Digital Twin Framework for Adaptive Last Mile City Logistics. 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech 2021), September 2021, Split, Croatia. doi

  • Räth, Y.M., Balac, M., Hörl, S., Axhausen, K. (2021). System Level Policies For Pooled Autonomous Vehicles. 100th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2021), January 2021, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Balac, M., Hörl, S., Axhausen, K. (2021). Synthetic population for the state of California based on open-data: examples of San Francisco Bay area and San Diego County. 100th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2021), January 2021, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Balac, M., Hörl, S. (2021). Simulation of intermodal shared mobility in the San Francisco Bay Area using MATSim. IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC 2021), September 2021, Indianapolis, USA. doi

  • Hörl, S., Balac, M. (2021). Introducing the eqasim pipeline: From raw data to agent-based transport simulation. Procedia Computer Science, 184, 712-719. 10th International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, (ABMTRANS 2021). doi

  • Hörl, S. (2021). Integrating discrete choice models with MATSim scoring. Procedia Computer Science, 184, 704-711. 9th International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, (ABMTRANS 2021). doi

  • Livingston, C.V., Hörl, S., Bruns, F., Fischer, R., Axhausen, K. (2021). Forecasting a Future with Automated Vehicles In Switzerland: Exploring the Urban-Rural Divide and System Effects. 100th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2021), January 2021, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Ziemke, D., Charlton, B., Hörl, S., Nagel, K. (2021). An efficient approach to create agent-based transport simulation scenarios based on ubiquitous Big Data and a new, aspatial activity-scheduling model. Transportation Research Procedia, 52, 613-620. 23rd EURO Working Group on Transportation Meeting (EWGT 2020). doi

2020

  • Hörl, S., Axhausen, K. (2020). Relaxation-discretization algorithm for spatially constrained secondary location assignment. 99th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2020), January 2020, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Balac, M., Hörl, S., Axhausen, K. (2020). Fleet sizing for pooled automated vehicle fleets. 99th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2020), January 2020, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Hörl, S., Tchervenkov, C., Balac, M. (2020). A generalizable pipeline for agent-based transport models in France. 9th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2020), September 2020, Lyon, France. link

2019

  • Balac, M., Rothfeld, R.L., Hörl, S. (2019). The Prospects of on-demand Urban Air Mobility in Zurich, Switzerland. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC 2019), October 2019, Auckland, New Zealand. doi

  • Hörl, S., Balac, M., Axhausen, K. (2019). Pairing discrete mode choice models and agent-based transport simulation with MATSim. 98th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2019), January 2019, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Tchervenkov, C., Balac, M., Hörl, S., Becker, H., Axhausen, K. (2019). How much parking space can carsharing save?. 98th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2019), January 2019, Washington D.C., USA. link

  • Hörl, S., Balac, M., Axhausen, K.W. (2019). Dynamic demand estimation for an AMoD system in Paris. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV 2019), June 2019, Paris, France. doi

2018

  • Hörl, S. (2018). Sizing a fleet of automated vehicles: A demand-responsive case study for Zurich. 7th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2018), 2018, Athens, Greece. link

  • Ruch, C., Hörl, S., Frazzoli, E. (2018). AMoDeus, a Simulation-Based Testbed for Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems. 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 2018), November 2018, Maui, USA. doi

  • Hörl, S., Balac, M., Axhausen, K.W. (2018). A first look at bridging discrete choice modeling and agent-based microsimulation in MATSim. Procedia Computer Science, 130, 900-907. 7th International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTrans 2018). doi

2017

  • Maciejewski, M., Bischoff, J., Hörl, S., Nagel, K. (2017). Towards a Testbed for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Algorithms. Highlights of Practical Applications of Cyber-Physical Multi-Agent Systems, 69-79. 15th International Conference on Practical applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (PAAMS 2017). doi

  • Wang, B., Liang, H., Hörl, S., Ciari, F. (2017). Dynamic ride sharing implementation and analysis in MATSim. 7th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2017), September 2017, Haifa, Israel. link

  • Hörl, S. (2017). Agent-based simulation of autonomous taxi services with dynamic demand responses. Procedia Computer Science, 109, 899-904. 6th International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTrans 2017). doi

  • Hörl, S. (2017). A methodology for observation-based accessibility. 7th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART 2017), September 2017, Haifa, Israel. link

International conferences without peer review

  • Hörl, S., Ludwig, O., Rewald, H., Axer, S. (2025). Simulating individual charging behaviour in MATSim. MATSim User Meeting. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S., Grajewski, V., Ludwig, O., Rewald, H., Axer, S. (2025). Multidimensional vehicle loads and capacities for Demand Responsive Transport in MATSim. MATSim User Meeting 2025. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S. (2024). The FeederDrt extension: simulation of intermodal on-demand services acting as feeders for public transit. MATSim User Meeting (MUM 2024), June 2024, Helsinki, Finland. hal

  • Rewald, H., Axer, S., Hörl, S. (2024). Household Vehicle Sharing in MATSim. MATSim User Meeting (MUM 2024), June 2024, Helsinki, Finland. hal

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S. (2023). Extending the DRT module to enable simulations of pre-booked MoD services. MATSim User Meeting (MUM 2023), June 2023, Zurich, Switzerland.

  • Hörl, S. (2019). Discrete Mode Choice for MATSim. MATSim User Meeting (MUM 2019), May 2019, Leuven, Belgium. link

  • Frischknecht, R., Bauer, C., Froemelt, A., Hellweg, S., Biemann, K., Buetler, T., Cox, B., Haan, P., Hörl, S., Itten, R., Jungbluth, N., Ligen, Y., Mathys, N.A., Schiess, S., Schori, S., Loon, P., Wang, J., Wettstein, S. (2018). LCA of mobility solutions: approaches and findings—66th LCA forum, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 30 August, 2017. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23 (2), 381-386. doi

  • Hörl, S. (2017). The IVT baseline scenario: Current version and outlook, presentation at the MATSim User Meeting, September 2017. MATSim User Meeting (MUM 2017), September 2017, Haifa, Israel. link

National conferences with peer review

  • Chouaki, T., Hörl, S. (2025). Vers la prise en compte des trajets inter-régionaux dans les simulations multi-agent locales de mobilité en utilisant une population synthétique métropolitaine. 7èmes Rencontres Francophones Transport Mobilité (RFTM 2025), June 2025, Dunkerque, France. hal

  • Hörl, S., Tchervenkov, C., Balac, M. (2021). Des modèles multi-agent de transport à grande échelle dans le monde francophone. 3èmes Rencontres Francophones Transport Mobilité (RFTM 2021), June 2021, Marne-la-Vallée, France. link

  • Hörl, S. (2019). A ticket-based public transport pricing model for Switzerland. 19th Swiss Transport Research Conference (STRC 2019), May 2019, Ascona, Switzerland. link

  • Hörl, S. (2018). An integrated simulation environment for autonomous mobility on demand in Zurich. 18th Swiss Transport Research Conference (STRC), May 2018, Ascona, Switzerland. link

Monographs and book contributions

  • Hörl, S. (2025). Towards reproducible agent-based simulations of the transportation system.

  • Gall, T., Vallet, F., Reyes Madrigal, L.M., Hörl, S., Abdin, A., Chouaki, T., Puchinger, J. (2023). Sustainable Urban Mobility Futures. doi

  • Hörl, S. (2020). Dynamic demand estimation for Automated Mobility on Demand.

  • Hörl, S. (2016). Implementation of an autonomous taxi service in a multi-modal traffic simulation using MATSim. hal

  • Hörl, S. (2014). Smooth approximation of two-dimensional G-Code trajectories in time-optimal CNC machining.

Reports, professional magazines, and data papers

  • Hörl, S., Laurent, M., Le Bescond, V., Chouaki, T., Vandanjon, P. (2025). Des populations synthétiques ouvertes et replicables pour la France: approche, usages et prochaines étapes. hal

  • Hörl, S., Balac, M. (2021). Open synthetic travel demand for Paris and Île-de-France: Inputs and output data. Data in Brief, 39, 107622. doi

  • Hörl, S., Becker, F., Dubernet, T., Axhausen, K. (2019). Induced demand by autonomous vehicles: An assessment. link

  • Hörl, S., Becker, F., Axhausen, K. (2019). Dynamische Nachfrageabschätzung für ein AMoD-System in Zürich. Straßenverkehrstechnik, 2019 (4), 277-281.

  • Hörl, S., Ciari, F., Axhausen, K.W. (2016). Recent perspectives on the impact of autonomous vehicles. link